VENEZUELA A HUB OF DRUG TRADE, U.S. OFFICIALS SAY

Widespread Corruption Led To Nation's Rise As Haven For Traffickers
In Colombian Cocaine

CARACAS, Venezuela -- The airliner leaving Caracas for Mexico City
carried a seemingly conspicuous cargo: one ton of Colombian cocaine
stuffed into 25 bulky, nearly identical suitcases.

But the smugglers' baggage went untouched by the Venezuelan National
Guard and airport police that day in early February. And it may not
have been an oversight. Drug traffickers routinely pay a "tax" of
$3,000 a kilo to security forces to move cocaine through the
terminals at the busy Maiquetia airport and on to global markets,
foreign and Venezuelan investigators and experts say.

"Maiquetia is to narcos what Memphis is for Federal Express: the
hub," one foreign counternarcotics official said.

Thanks to a tip from U.S. agents, Mexican customs officials seized
the load when it arrived that night aboard Mexicana Flight 374.
Officials found bricks of cocaine beneath false bottoms of suitcases
weighing more than 100 pounds each, in one of the biggest busts ever
at Mexico City's Benito Juarez International Airport.

U.S. and Latin American investigators allege that Venezuela has
become a sieve through which a soaring amount of Colombian cocaine
moves annually by air and sea, citing widespread corruption and
President Hugo Chavez's decision to sever anti-drug ties with
Washington. In the State Department's annual report on global drug
trafficking, Venezuela was singled out as a growing threat.

"Venezuela's permissive and corrupt environment led to more
trafficking, fewer seizures and an increase in suspected drug flights
over the past 12 months," Anne W. Patterson, assistant secretary of
state for international narcotics and law enforcement affairs, said
in a briefing after the report's release this month.

"There is systematic corruption. Maiquetia is wide open," said one
foreign counternarcotics official. Close behind are smaller airports
and airstrips in Venezuela's Apure, Portuguesa and Sucre states, and
seaports such as La Guaira and Puerto Cabello, where tons of cocaine
leave in containers or amid bulk cargo.

The U.S. Embassy here estimates that the volume of Colombian cocaine
passing through Venezuela on the way to the United States, Europe and
elsewhere has quintupled to 250 tons annually since 2001. Depending
on whose total cocaine production figures one accepts, one-half to
one-quarter of all Colombian drug exports use this country as a "trampoline."

Venezuela has always been a conduit for Colombian drugs because it
shares a porous 1,300-mile border with the country where most of the
world's cocaine is manufactured. But a U.S.-funded crackdown in
Colombia has forced traffickers to seek new routes and international alliances.

U.S. and Colombian officials also cite escalating corruption in the
Venezuelan security forces and Washington's deteriorating relations
with Chavez, a loud foe of the United States.

In August 2005, Chavez announced an end to a 17-year anti-drug
agreement with the United States. He forbade Venezuelan officials
from sharing information or mounting joint operations with the U.S.
Drug Enforcement Agency, whose agents he describes as spies.

Critics stop short of implicating the leftist leader directly in the
emergence of the nation as a haven for smugglers, and the Venezuelan
president has described corruption as a "thousand-headed monster."

At a recent Caribbean drug summit in the Dominican Republic,
Venezuelan officials recognized the drug problem and said they would
use Chinese satellite technology and newly purchased Russian aircraft
to combat traffickers.

"The increased flight traffic does not have Hugo Chavez's signature
on it. It's not about him," said Joseph Ruddy, a U.S. attorney in
Tampa, Fla., who heads an investigative task force that has
prosecuted dozens of drug traffickers in recent years. "It's about
changing traffic patterns. Narcos go where we aren't."

The most painful result of Chavez's decree, U.S. officials say, was
the cutoff of relations with a trusted corps of 40 "vetted"
Venezuelan counternarcotics agents who had been trained in Quantico,
Va. The agents, who had worked in the Venezuelan National Guard and
the intelligence police as liaisons with U.S. officials in the drug
fight, have been transferred to other units.

Today, bribes are paid openly to police and armed forces, U.S. and
Colombian officials say. A high-level Colombian official said the
Venezuelan National Guard protects one of his country's most powerful
cartels, the Norte del Valle gang based in Cali, and one of its top
leaders, Wilmer Varela.

"Venezuela has become a sanctuary for Colombian traffickers, and the
National Guard facilitates it all," said the official, who asked not
to be named because of political sensitivities.

Last month, Chavez removed Luis Correa as head of the National
Anti-Narcotics Office, replacing him with a trusted military aide,
Luis Reverol Torres. In July, National Guard Brig. Gen. Frank Morgado
was sentenced to prison by a military tribunal for links to drug
traffickers. Morgado and Correa came under criticism last April after
a DC-7 airliner that had left Maiquetia landed in Ciudad del Carmen,
Mexico, with mechanical problems. Police found 5 1/2 tons of cocaine on board.

Cocaine seizures by Venezuelan authorities in the past two months
amount to about what was seized in the Ciudad del Carmen raid: 4.8
tons. Critics find that number suspiciously low, given the size of
single shipments seized elsewhere.

"Twenty-two percent of announced cocaine seizures last year, which
totaled 55 tons, came as a result of luck - drugs discovered at the
border or checkpoints," said one former high-level Venezuelan
counternarcotics official who asked not to be named. "As much
movement as there is, the percentage should be much smaller. It shows
the lack of investigation."

There has been no lack of investigation or results in neighboring
Colombia, where authorities have gone after the leftist guerrillas
and right-wing paramilitary groups involved in the drug trade.

Plan Colombia, on which the United States has spent $4 billion
fighting drug trafficking since its launch in 2000, has denied
traffickers the "air bridge" directly from Colombia to Central
America and Mexico that they once enjoyed.

The new air bridge appears to link airports and strips in Venezuela
and neighboring Suriname and Guyana to the Caribbean island of
Hispaniola, comprising the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The aircraft
of choice seems to be twin-engine Beechcraft King Air business
planes. With the passenger seats removed, the planes can ferry
three-quarters of a ton of cocaine per flight.

Haitian and Dominican leaders have issued pleas for help in recent
months to stem the flow of drugs from Venezuela, to little avail.

The State Department, meanwhile, worries that its successes in
Colombia are coming undone.

"We want to work with the Venezuelans," Patterson said. "But we
haven't gotten very far in recent years, and their problem is
increasing. That's the worrisome thing about this. Success in
Colombia has basically led to a migration to some of this into Venezuela."