WHEN THE SUFFERING UNDOES THE ARTIST

LAYNE STALEY lived fast, died young and probably did not leave a beautiful
corpse when he was found dead in his Seattle apartment on April 19, a few
days deceased with heroin paraphernalia nearby. He was the lead singer of
Alice in Chains, the grunge band that sold more than 10 million albums and
EP's in the 1990's, and he had sung as often as not about drugs and death.

"What in God's name have you done?/Stick your arm for some real fun," he
sang in "God Smack" on "Dirt," the band's best, best-selling and most
chilling album, which was released in September 1992. Like Tupac Shakur,
Mr. Staley prophesied his own death in a way that now makes his songs all
too realistic.

For some reason, Alice in Chains never quite commanded the cachet that was
attached to Seattle bands like Nirvana, Soundgarden and Pearl Jam. It
hadn't struggled on independent labels, and it had relatively quick
success. Although its songs had all the somber desolation of its fellow
grunge bands, Jerry Cantrell's guitar riffs and Mr. Staley's nasal yowl
quickly pushed Alice in Chains onto mainstream radio, without the kind of
resistance that makes underground legends.

Mr. Staley's death at 34 may well draw attention to his band's most grimly
powerful songs. But it would be a shame if his addiction became a kind of
credential - that the songs were more genuine and real because they were
about the drugs that killed him.

A Romantic ideology that predates rock glorifies the self-destructive
artist as someone who's too honest and delicate for this world. As the myth
goes, artists use drugs or alcohol to free up inspiration and to insulate
their sensitive souls from ordinary life. (It's not just that they hang out
at odd hours with other creatures of the night, or get bored or stuck and
fall into bad habits.)

Artists are perceptive, but they choose to write songs (or make movies or
paint pictures) rather than simply keeping private diaries. The myth
doesn't recognize a more hard-nosed side of artists: they are also stubborn
egomaniacs who are mysteriously - and sometimes correctly - certain that
the world needs to know all about the figments of their imaginations and
who gear their lives to getting those figments into circulation. It's not
an easy job, and its stresses can take their toll.

The suicides of Kurt Cobain and Ian Curtis (not to mention Sylvia Plath)
and the youthful deaths of Shakur, Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison, the
Notorious B.I.G., Charlie Parker or Janis Joplin are too often seen as
certifying the artists' art instead of merely bringing it to a sudden end.
Often, artists provide vicarious experience for audiences. Gangsta rap has
disseminated the lore of drug-dealing and gunfighting, mixing cautionary
tales with cheap thrills; from the Velvet Underground to Eric Clapton to
Alice in Chains, bands have examined the lure of drugs. When songs sound
like first-person accounts, fans may want to believe that they're hearing
about lived experiences, not just observations coupled with imagination.
The artist who's "keepin' it real" becomes the stunt double for a more
sheltered listener.

And when someone dies in the way their songs predicted, like Mr. Staley or
Shakur, audiences can listen in morbid fascination to artists who
sacrificed themselves to bring back tidings of mortality.

Yet for every musician who manages to transmute personal suffering into
great performances, like Billie Holiday, there are more who are only human,
whose excess or misery undoes their art. Mr. Staley was one of them. He,
and his songs, would have been better off glimpsing the abyss than falling
into it.

There was an ominous immediacy to the most memorable Alice songs, a tone of
desolation combined with acceptance, as if the music was already coming
from beyond the grave. That tone may have been a close reflection of Mr.
Staley's daily dread. Yet contrary to the myth of noble self-destruction,
the music was not some direct impression of a haunted life magically caught
by microphones and pressed onto disks. It was a fabrication, created
through skill and instinct and shaped by choices of chords and timbres,
amplifiers and pedals. It had as much to do with the band's main composer,
Mr. Cantrell, as it did with Mr. Staley's struggles.

Again and again, the band's songs described the hold of addiction and its
consequences. On the 1994 EP "Jar of Flies," Mr. Staley sang "Swing on
This," in which friends and family say, "Come home," but he responds: "I'm
just fine/ Little skinny, O.K./ I'm asleep anyway."

Convincing as they were, the songs were still only reports from the edge,
not field recordings. And if Mr. Staley or his fans thought that he had to
stay messed up to maintain his bleak insights, they were wrong. He could
have been realistic without being autobiographical.

Mr. Staley held on from the formation of the band in 1987, through a
recording career that began in 1990, and through the band's last tour, as a
Lollapalooza headliner, in 1993, to a six-month breakup in 1994. After
regrouping, the four-man band had one more album in it, "Alice in Chains"
in 1995. (Without explanation, the cover showed a three-legged dog.) There
was one more significant live show; following three years offstage, the
band performed on "MTV Unplugged" in 1996, where a rail-thin Mr. Staley
wore shades and sang with a fraction of his old voice. A Rolling Stone
interview that year detailed the band's resentment of an increasingly shaky
Staley and noted his needle marks.

In 1998, the other three members of Alice in Chains and their producer got
together without Mr. Staley, to record, "Boggy Depot," an album of new
songs under Mr. Cantrell's name. And at the end of the decade, Columbia
Records apparently despaired of getting any more from the band. As if to
wring full value from Alice in Chains' recording contract, it released a
boxed set, a live album and a greatest-hits collection. The albums already
felt like memorials.

In the end, Mr. Staley wasn't cool because he died a junkie's death after a
long downward spiral. He was only cool while he could still sing about it.