CANADIAN SENATE PANEL CALLS FOR MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION

Urges Regulation and Control, Rejects US Pressure

The Canadian Senate's Special Committee on Illegal Drugs, which has
spent the last two years doing a comprehensive review of Canada's drug
laws, called Wednesday for an end to cannabis prohibition and its
replacement with a legal, regulated marijuana market. The committee's
final report, while not binding, will increase political pressure on
the Liberal government of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien to address reform
of Canada's cannabis laws, which have gone badly out of sync with
popular practice and sentiment in recent years, the committee said.

"Scientific evidence overwhelmingly indicates that cannabis is
substantially less harmful than alcohol and should be treated not as a
criminal issue but as a social and public health issue", said Senator
Pierre Claude Nolin, Chair of the Special Committee, in an Ottawa news
conference announcing the report's release. "Indeed, domestic and
international experts and Canadians from every walk of life told us
loud and clear that we should not be imposing criminal records on
users or unduly prohibiting personal use of cannabis. At the same
time, make no mistake, we are not endorsing cannabis use for
recreational consumption. Whether or not an individual uses marijuana
should be a personal choice that is not subject to criminal penalties.
But we have come to the conclusion that, as a drug, it should be
regulated by the State much as we do for wine and beer, hence our
preference for legalization over decriminalization."

The call for legalization and regulation was greeted with cheers by
cannabis advocates on both sides of the border. "Canada is moving in
the same direction as Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand. The
US is alone among developed nations in hanging on to marijuana
prohibition," said Kevin Zeese, president of Common Sense for Drug
Policy (http://www.csdp.org). "The US has for years forced our drug
war on our neighbors. Canada is finally just saying no."

"Objective reviews keep debunking the thinking behind prohibition, but
our government throws them on the trash heap every time," said Rob
Kampia, executive director of the Marijuana Policy Project
(http://www.mpp.org). "We should be grateful that the Canadians, like
the British, are trying to do the sort of honest, fact-based analysis
that our government refuses to do. Americans should give this a
serious look -- and reject the prohibitionist policies that have
failed for two-thirds of a century."

"This is a great report," said Marc Boris St-Maurice, head of Canada's
national Marijuana Party (http://www.marijuanaparty.org). "It's a
recipe to legalize marijuana and make it work," he told DRCNet. "It's
a must read for any self-respecting activist or advocate. We had an
idea this was coming, but this is absolutely ideal. It will put
pressure to change on Canada's institutions."

"We are extremely pleased," said Eugene Oscapella, executive director
of the Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy (http://www.cfdp.ca).
"These guys have thoroughly researched the subject and have the guts
to tell it like it is," he told DRCNet. "We are pleased with the
frankness and honesty. This has been a long time coming. This will
make it safer for other politicians to talk about the issue in a
rational way, and once the debate becomes rational, we will see
change," he said.

According to the committee report, only cannabis-related activity that
causes demonstrable harm to others, such as impaired driving or
selling to minors under 16, or is related to an export trade in the
weed, should be prohibited. The Canadian government should introduce
cannabis regulation legislation "stipulating conditions for obtaining
licences, producing and selling cannabis; criminal penalties for
illegal trafficking and export; and the preservation of criminal
penalties for all activities falling outside the scope of the
exemption scheme," the committee recommended.

The committee also called for amnesty for all Canadians convicted of
cannabis possession and recommended that Canada inform the United
Nations it intends to seek to amend the UN Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs and related treaties, the legal backbone of the global
prohibition regime. "There is a clear international trend to
reassessing domestic drug policy such as recent initiatives toward
decriminalization in the United Kingdom," the committee noted. Deputy
Chair Senator Colin Kenny, glancing toward the south, added, "though
what we are recommending for our country has an impact on our friends
and neighbours, Canada must make its own decisions in the best
interests of its citizens."

While the committee report is a welcome addition to reform advocates'
arsenals, it will not necessarily lead to quick or easy change in
Canada's cannabis laws. "There is no guarantee the recommendations
will be implemented," said St.-Maurice. While members of either
chamber of Parliament may introduce non-financial bills, such as one
to regulate cannabis commerce, the ruling Liberal Party would have to
push such bills. It has shown little interest so far in doing so.

Still, said St.-Maurice, it is one more straw on the camel's back. "In
the context of cannabis in Canada right now, with the Justice
Minister's recent comments, with widespread popular support, and with
the Supreme Court cases on the constitutional right to use
recreational marijuana coming in the next six or eight months, this
just adds to the momentum," he argued. "This report could influence
the Supreme Court, and if they rule favorably, that will put real
pressure on the government to do something in the House of Commons."

But the House of Commons also has a committee working on drug policy,
with a report due out in November. According to Oscapella, the House
report may not be as favorable to reform as the Senate report because,
unlike senators, House members face popular election. At any rate,
Oscapella said, it is unlikely that any action will take place before
the House report is issued.

Also notable, especially in contrast to the shrillness infecting the
drug policy debate in the US, was the tone of reason and compassion
reflected in the Canadian approach.

"In a free and democratic society, which recognizes fundamentally but
not exclusively the rule of law as the main source of normative rules
and in which government must promote autonomy as far as possible and
therefore make only sparing use of the implements of constraint,
public policy around psychoactive substances must be structured around
guiding principles respecting the life, health, security, rights and
freedoms of individuals who, naturally and legitimately, seek their
own well-being and development, and can recognize the presence,
difference, and equality of others," the committee explained.

The committee made 11 formal recommendations for action to the
Canadian government:

- - Create a "National Advisor on Psychoactive Substances," who would be
less a drug czar than an inter-ministerial facilitator.

- - Hold a high-level conference with "key stakeholders" next year to
set priorities for action for the next five years.

- - Change the name of the "Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse" to the
"Canadian Centre on Psychoactive Substances and Dependence," fund it
from Parliament, and mandate it to produce an annual report on drugs
and drug policy, coordinate research on drugs and dependency, and
undertake five-year assessments of the national drug strategy.

- - Create a Monitoring Agency on Psychoactive Substances to measure
drug use trends on a biennial basis.

- - Adopt "an integrated policy on the risks and harmful effects of
psychoactive substances covering the whole range of substances
(medication, alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs)." Cannabis policy
should focus on "educating users, detecting and preventing at-risk use
and treating excessive use."

- - Create a cannabis production and licensing scheme.

- - Declare amnesty for anyone convicted of cannabis possession under
current or past law.

- - Amend the federal medical marijuana program to ease rules regarding
eligibility, production, and distribution, and do more research on
medical marijuana.

- - Amend the criminal code to lower blood alcohol levels necessary to
trigger drunk driving violations when other drugs are present.

- - Create a national fund for research on psychoactive substances and
dependency. Key research topics would include therapeutic uses of
cannabis, tools for detecting driving under the influence, and finding
effective prevention and treatment programs.

- - Inform appropriate United Nations authorities that Canada "is
requesting an amendment to the conventions and treaties governing
illegal drugs."

The committee report, along with proceedings, testimony, research, and
general information can be accessed at http://www.parl.gc.ca/illegal-drugs.asp
online.

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