AFGHANISTAN RETAKES HEROIN CROWN

Afghanistan retook its place as the world's leading producer of heroin last
year, after US-led forces overthrew the Taliban which had banned
cultivation of opium poppies.

The finding was made in a key drug report, distributed in Kabul on Sunday
by the US State Department, which supports almost identical findings by the
United Nations last week.

Low-grade heroin is refined in Afghanistan from opium, which is
manufactured from the extract of poppies. "The size of the opium harvest in
2002 makes Afghanistan the world's leading opium producer," the report said.

The International Narcotics Control Strategy Report said the area of land
used to cultivate opium poppies reached 30,750 hectares, compared with
1,685 hectares in 2001.

Afghanistan overtook Burma - whose production fell for the sixth straight
year, to 630 tonnes - as the leading opium producer.

The British government is the leading sponsor of the anti-drugs campaign in
Afghanistan.

Contradictory Claims

The report said fighting illegal drug trafficking was key to the US war on
terrorism. "The US campaign against global terrorism in 2002 highlighted
the importance of our international drug control programs," it said.

Despite its own figures showing the Taliban had cut Afghanistan's heroin
production by about 95%, the report claimed that heroin had "financed the
former Taliban regime".

The UN International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) report, released on 26
February, said that Afghanistan produced 3,400 tonnes last year, up from
185 tonnes in 2001.

While the US report praised US-backed Afghan president Hamid Karzai for the
measures he has introduced to cut heroin production, the UN report said his
two executive orders had no practical impact.

Growing Problem

The Pentagon and the State Department are reportedly split over how heroin
production should be tackled in the country.

While the Pentagon insists that the military operations in Afghanistan
should be limited to fighting terrorists, while the State Department thinks
armed forces should tackle opium production. The US report also praised
Pakistan for "excellent" co-operation with US anti-drugs efforts. Last week
the head of Pakistan's Anti-Narcotics Force, Major General Zafar Abbas,
said that heroin production in Afghanistan this year is expected to reach
more than 4,000 tonnes. Russian guards patrolling Afghanistan's
1,340-kilometre border with Tajikistan, the main transport route for Afghan
drugs to European markets, have seized 1.5 tonnes of heroin already this
year. Last year, Russian and Tajik border guards seized 6.7 tonnes of drugs.