LIVES, BLOOD THE MEASURING STICK OF THAILAND'S DRUG WAR

Some Say Campaign Symbol Of Brutality, Police Corruption

BANGKOK - Thanom Monta and his wife, Kwanla Puangchompu, learned they were
on a government blacklist of suspected drug dealers when they received a
letter ordering them to report to police.

On Feb. 26, they rode their motorbike to a police station in the central
city of Phetchabun. They were allowed to leave at 3 p.m., but before they
had driven two miles, a car pulled alongside them and men inside opened
fire. Both Thanom, 53, and Kwanla, 40, were killed.

With their deaths, the couple became part of Thailand's grisly success in
its new war against drugs.

Officials report that at least 1,498 people have died since Feb. 1, when
Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra declared an all-out campaign against drug
trafficking. Authorities say there are only three ways to get off the lists
of drug dealers: get arrested, turn informant, or die.

Police acknowledge killing 31 suspected traffickers in self-defense but say
the others were slain by drug lords seeking to silence potential informers.

"In this war, drug dealers must die," the prime minister said. "But we
don't kill them. It's a matter of the bad guys killing the bad guys."

Interior Minister Wan Mohammed Noor Matha warned that drug dealers would
"be put behind bars or even vanish without a trace," and added: "Who cares?
They are destroying our country."

The slaying of suspected traffickers has broad public support in a nation
fed up with an epidemic of drug abuse. But the killing spree has alarmed
human rights advocates, who fear that the biggest casualty will be
Thailand's rule of law.

Some rights activists say that police have organized death squads to kill
traffickers and are covering up evidence of official involvement. They also
charge that corrupt officers involved in the narcotics trade are colluding
with drug lords to slay those who might betray them. There have been
several cases, like the deaths in Phetchabun, in which suspects have been
killed in broad daylight minutes after leaving a police station, activists say.

"In many provinces, there are death squads roaming around killing drug
dealers," said Somchai Homlaor, secretary general of the human rights group
Forum Asia. "The rule of law and democracy could disappear overnight."

One victim of the war was 9-year-old Chakraphan Srisa-ard. He was riding
with his parents in a car in Bangkok on Feb. 23 when his father, Sataporn
Srisa-ard, allegedly stopped to make a drug deal. Police say Sataporn tried
to sell amphetamines to an undercover officer and was taken into custody.

When the boy's mother, Pornwipa Kerdrungruang, realized what was happening,
she slipped behind the wheel and drove off. Police fired at the Honda, and
the boy was hit twice. His mother ran from the car and escaped.

Police initially admitted shooting at the vehicle. Later, they blamed
Chakraphan's death on his father's "guards," who police claim showed up
moments after the arrest and shot at the car. Three police officers turned
in guns for ballistics testing by their department's laboratory. No match
to the bullets was found.

Many victims' families have been reluctant to complain publicly about the
deaths of their loved ones, but Chakraphan's killing triggered widespread
criticism of the drug war.

Jaran Pakdithanakul, secretary to the president of Thailand's supreme
court, warned that summary executions by police were destroying the
judicial system. He called the official account of the boy's killing
"unbelievable" and said the nation must stop its "bloodthirsty police
officers."

Some human rights activists fear a return to the ways of the military
dictatorship that ruled Thailand from 1957 to 1973 and employed death
squads to eliminate opponents.

Thaksin, a former police officer who became one of the country's wealthiest
businessmen before being elected prime minister in 2001, prefers to cast
himself as the nation's chief executive, bringing corporate standards to
the running of government. At a recent Cabinet meeting, he recommended two
books for his ministers to read on methods of business organization.

For the war on drugs, he has set quotas and deadlines for provincial
governors and police chiefs to clear names from the blacklists. He has
threatened to fire those who don't meet the quota, a move that critics say
has prompted some officials to resort to illegal means to save their jobs.

"The government's strategy is to smoke out pushers, who will be eliminated
by their own kind," Thaksin said. "I don't understand why some people are
so concerned about them while neglecting to care for the future of 1
million children who are being lured into becoming drug users."

Authorities say the country is suffering from an epidemic of
methamphetamines known by the name "yaa baa," or crazy pills. Thaksin said
that 3 million people - 5 percent of the country's population - use the
drug, making Thailand the world's largest per-capita consumer of
methamphetamines.

The little orange pills bearing the letters WY initially provide a sense of
energy and well-being, but after prolonged use become debilitating. About
80 percent of the yaa baa sold in Thailand is made in neigboring Burma,
whose rulers know it as Myanmar, one of the major drug-producing nations.
The rest is made in Thailand. The WY pills are exported around the world
and have turned up in the United States, Europe, Japan, and Australia.

Thailand's narcotics agency has long kept a secret blacklist with the names
of 25,000 suspected drug dealers. Two weeks before the drug war began,
police officials and village chiefs hurriedly put together a second list
with the names of 45,000 suspected traffickers, including some on the
earlier roll. Together the two cover 55,000 people.

Authorities have no obligation to notify suspects that their names are on
the lists, and there is no appeals process for suspects to contest their
inclusion.

Since the campaign began, authorities say they have arrested about 30,000
drug suspects, but few of them are major drug lords or accused of
involvement in the nearly 1,500 deaths.

Dr. Pornthip Rojanasunand, acting director of the government's Forensic
Science Institute, said she presented evidence to the prime minister's
office early this month showing that police were behind some of the
killings. His office declined to investigate, she said.

The flamboyant coroner, who is known for her spiky red hair and
independence, earlier accused police of torturing and killing suspects. She
is regarded as the country's top forensic pathologist. However, since Feb.
1 police have stopped calling her to murder scenes, she said, instead
summoning doctors with no forensic experience.

"The police don't want me to find their lies," she said.

The killing of Thanom and Kwanla in Phetchabun might have received little
notice except that their son, Suwit Baison, works as a cameraman at a
Bangkok television station. The day after their deaths, he stopped Thaksin
at a media event, knelt in front of him, and presented a petition seeking
an investigation.

"I am afraid the culprit won't ever be caught, so I ask for justice from
your excellency," Suwit told Thaksin.

The prime minister ordered police to investigate. So far, they say there
are no leads in the killings.

Local authorities say Thanom and Kwanla had been arrested in the past for
drug use, although it is unclear whether either was suspected of selling drugs.

"My mother just wanted to prove my father's innocence, and they ended up
dead," Suwit said in an interview. "It's very cruel."