STOP AMERICA'S WAR ON BOLIVIAN FARMERS

Coca Culture

COCHABAMBA, Bolivia There has been rioting in Bolivia for nearly four weeks
now. News reports say that the riots have been over the construction of a
pipeline to ship natural gas to the United States. That's true, but there's
a deeper anger at work: anger toward the United States and its war against a
traditional Bolivian crop, coca.

You see, because of the American drug problem, we can no longer grow coca,
which was part of our life and our culture long before the United States was
a country. This is why many of the people protesting in La Paz and other
cities are peasants whose families have cultivated coca for generations.

My tribe, the Quechua, comes from the jungles of the Chapare. We are used to
chewing coca leaves every day, much as Americans drink coffee. We sustained
ourselves by growing coca for chewing and for products like shampoo,
medicinal teas and toothpaste.

We did not turn coca into cocaine; the chemicals needed for that are made in
countries like the United States. Bolivia now allows us to grow a very small
amount of coca, but it is not enough.

I am a cocalera. I owe my life to coca. My father died when I was 2 and my
mother raised six children by growing coca. I was a farmer myself, growing
coca for traditional purposes.

But the United States says it is better for us to just forget about coca. In
the early 1990's, Bolivian officials distributed American money - $300 to
$2,500 per farm - and told us to try yucca and pineapples. But 60 pineapples
earn us only about eight bolivianos, or about $1. And unlike coca, yucca and
pineapples are difficult to carry to the cities to sell, and they spoil. So
many farmers returned to coca growing.

Then in 1998, the Bolivian government announced it would eradicate coca
farms through a military program financed by the Americans. Soldiers came to
the Chapare and destroyed our coca crops with machetes. School teachers were
beaten, and the houses were burned down.

When I saw that, I couldn't be quiet. I helped to organize people village by
village, and eventually I became leader of a national association of peasant
women.

The protests of the cocaleros were joined by other social movements and
unions, and have continued to grow. Evo Morales, the head of the national
coca growers' union, even came in second in the 2002 presidential election.
He got 21 percent of the vote, while the current president, Gonzalo Sanchez
de Lozada, got 22 percent.

I think Morales would win today. Bolivians have grown tired of Sanchez de
Lozada's free-market, pro-United States policies, which have not lowered our
high rate of unemployment. The president's willingness to build a pipeline
through Chile to export our natural gas to the United States has made many
more people join the anti-government protests that the cocaleros started.

To me, real success in the war on drugs would be to capture and prosecute
the big drug traffickers, and for the United States to stop its own citizens
from using drugs. The war on the cocaleros has brought nothing but poverty
and death.

Now tanks surround the presidential palace in La Paz. Fourteen people died
in riots there on Monday alone. Unless the United States and its allies like
Sanchez de Lozada stop their war against us, Bolivia will have neither peace
nor a future.