OTHER SCANDALS IN PRISONS

If we insist on having an orgy of self-flagellation about the prison abuses
at Abu Ghraib, we might as well gain something from it. That something
shouldn't be a change in our interrogation tactics in the war on terror --
they don't seem at fault for the perverse acts of a few MPs -- but reform
of the ongoing scandal that is the U.S. prison system.

It is telling that two of the guards involved in the Iraq scandal were
prison guards in the United States. Our prisons aren't run the way
cellblocks 1-A and 1-B in Abu Ghraib were between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. last
fall, thank goodness, but they tend to be pits of sexual violence, madness
and drug abuse. They are at once too brutal and too lax. Fixing them is not
something we owe the international community or anyone else -- besides
ourselves.

Events at Abu Ghraib have established that we are horrified at the idea of
forcible sodomy -- some of which might be featured in the new batch of
photos -- in prisons. Good. That sense of outraged disgust should apply
here. An estimated 10 percent of priso * inmates are victims of rape at
least once. Two-thirds of the victims are raped repeatedly, and some male
prisoners report 100 or more incidents of sexual assault a year. According
to Cindy Struckman-Johnson of the University of South Dakota, a third of
the victims have thoughts of committing suicide, and 17 percent attempt it.

Suicidal despair is a common feature of prisons, since they are used to
warehouse the mentally ill. Instead of deinstitutionalizing the mentally
ill, we have trans-institutionalized them, effectively transferring them
from mental-health hospitals into prisons. There are more mentally ill
people in America's jails and prisons -- somewhere between 200,000 and
300,000 -- than in all its psychiatric hospitals. They don't get proper
treatment and are often punished for the consequences of their illness by
bein g placed in solitary confinement, thus exacerbating their sickness.

On top of these problems, there are gangs, drugs, abusive guards and more.
How do we improve our prisons? The most important change has to be in our
attitude. Prisons can do great good -- they have been the most important
factor in declining crime during the past decade. But the people who go
there, despite their weakness or wickedness, are human beings and deserve
to be treated as such. Incarceration is itself the punishment and shouldn't
be augmented by random brutality or poor treatment.

A message should be sent from the very top, i.e. governors, that the abuse
of prisoners, by fellow inmates or by guards, will not be tolerated. It is
especially important that inmate-on-inmate rape and acts of abuse by guards
be punished, even if powerful look-the-other-way prison-guard unions don't
like it. Overcrowding, which overwhelms guards and helps create the
conditions for rape and other violence, should be alleviated. If we are
going to jail more people than any other country in the world, let's build
more prisons. But since there are limits on resources, the
incarceration-intense drug war needs to be re-examined. And the mentally
ill should be diverted into mental institutions.

Meanwhile, as criminal-justice expert Eli Lehrer argues, while prisoners
are under our control we might as well try to do some good for them. Work
programs in prison can get prisoners in the habit of working and reduce
recidivism. More than 10 percent of prisoners test positive for drugs at
any given time. Coercive treatment programs should attempt to wean them of
addiction. Finally, prisoners tend to be simply dumped on the streets when
they are released. More intensive post-prison monitoring can help keep them
from going back.

It is understandable that Abu Ghraib has raised such an outcry. The abuses
there will get more American soldiers killed. But there is something odd
about a country that gets more exercised about the treatment of foreign
prisoners than the treatment of its own. Let's not expend all of our prison
outrage on behalf of Iraqis.