U.S. WAR ON DRUGS FLOODS PRISONS WITH WOMEN

WASHINGTON -- The number of women in state and federal prisons is at
an all-time high and growing fast, with the incarceration rate for
females increasing at nearly twice that of men, the government
reported today.

There were 101,179 women in prisons last year, 3.6 per cent more than
in 2002, the Justice Department said. That marks the first time the
women's prison population has topped 100,000, and continues a trend of
rapid growth.

Overall, men are still far more likely than women to be in jail or
prison, and black men are more likely than any other group to be locked up.

At the close of 2003, U.S. prisons held 1,368,866 men, the Bureau of
Justice Statistics reported. The total was two per cent more than in
2002.

Expressed in terms of the population at large, that means that in
2003, one in every 109 U.S. men was in prison. For women the figure
was one in every 1,613.

Longer sentences, especially for drug crimes, and fewer prisoners
granted parole or probation are main reasons for the expanding U.S.
prison population, said Marc Mauer, assistant director of the
Sentencing Project, which advocates alternatives to long prison terms
for many kinds of crimes.

The increase began three decades ago, and continues. The new report
compared 2003 figures with those from 1995.

The number of women in prison has grown 48 per cent since 1995, when
the figure was 68,468, the report said. The male prison population has
grown 29 per cent over that time, from 1,057,406.

Year by year, the number of women incarcerated grew an average of five
per cent, compared to an average annual increase of 3.3 per cent for
men.

"It coincides exactly with the inception of the war on drugs," in the
1980s and continuing into the 1990s, Mauer said. "It represents a sort
of vicious cycle of women engaged in drug abuse and often connected
with financial or psychological dependence with a boyfriend," or other
man involved in drug crime, Mauer said.

The prison figures do not fully reflect the number of people behind
bars. About 80,000 women were in local jails last year, along with
more than 600,000 men.

The federal prison system held a large share of female prisoners, with
a population of 11,635 at the close of 2003. One state -- Texas --
held even more, with a population of 13,487. California, which has the
country's largest prison system, held 10,656 women. North Dakota had
fewer women in prison than any other state -- 113.

Among other findings in the report:

More than 44 per cent of all sentenced male inmates were black, and
many of them were young.

Among the more than 1.4 million sentenced inmates at the end of 2003,
an estimated 403,165 were black men between 20 and 39.

At the end of 2003, 9.3 per cent of black men 25 to 29 were in prison,
compared with 2.6 per cent of Hispanic men and 1.1 per cent of white
men in the same age group.

In 11 states, there were increases in the prison population of at
least five per cent, led by North Dakota with an 11.4 per cent rise.

Also, 11 states had decreases. Connecticut had the biggest drop, at
4.2 per cent.