SOME QUESTION US TRAINING OF MEXICAN FORCES

EL PASO -- In the mid-1990s, the United States began training Mexico's
soldiers in hopes of stopping the flow of drugs through Mexico and
ending corruption.

Some of those trained by U.S. forces formed the Zetas, a criminal
organization that works as assassins for one of the drug cartels
fighting in Juarez, Mexican law enforcement officials said.

Today, the United States is again trying to help Mexico with its
drug-cartel problem, and part of the solution could include training
Mexico's military and law enforcement officers.

Money for training Mexican soldiers is in the $1.4 billion Merida
Initiative that was approved by Congress in 2008. The second phase of
the initiative, which is being formed right now, will also include
money for training Mexican soldiers and police, according to two
public-policy groups that monitor U.S.-Mexico relations.

Given the history of the program, some question the effectiveness of
that policy.

"You can train someone, but that still doesn't affect their morals,"
said Richard Newton, a former federal customs agent in El Paso, now a
member of the group Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, which favors
legalization of some drugs.

"I don't care how good the training is. The problem is that these
people can be bribed and they may go to work for the cartels."

Others agree, and as a prime example of training gone wrong, they
point to the Zetas. The group was founded by Mexican army deserters,
including officers trained by the United States at the military School
of the Americas in Fort Benning, Ga. The Zetas, according to the
Chihuahua attorney general's office, are thought to be behind some of
the brutal killings in Juarez, which have surpassed 4,700 in two years.

An international human-rights organization that monitors the former
U.S. military School of the Americas, which is now called the Western
Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, says that training
foreign soldiers has worked against the United States in the past, so
it may in the future. The human-rights group is called School of the
Americas Watch, and its mission is to stop the training of
international soldiers and law enforcement at the former School of the
Americas.

U.S. officials counter by saying that this time they would be doing
more than just training soldiers. According to the latest proposals of
phase two of the Merida Initiative, the United States would vet the
Mexican soldiers who are to be trained. Previously, in the 1990s, the
Mexican army chose those who came to the United States to train.

"I think both the U.S. and Mexican governments are starting to see the
limitations of militaryDpolice solutions to the problems of drug
trafficking and related crime and violence," said

Howard Campbell, a University of Texas at El Paso professor who
specializes in Mexican cartel research.

"Training new officers better might help, though it has not done much
good in the past. But perhaps what is needed more, as many analysts
now realize, is greater attention and money to improve the Mexican
judicial system, more oversight and control of cops and the military."

The United States also has to help Mexico with more social programs
and educational opportunities for youths, and a stronger economy,
Campbell said. Money for those programs is also included in the Merida
Initiative.

"The U.S. can help support such initiatives with funds, expertise and
political backing," Campbell said.

Aurolyn Luykx, a UTEP associate professor of anthropology and
education, said she opposed U.S. forces training Mexico soldiers or
police officers.

"I don't see it as a good idea because I don't see that there is a
military solution to the drug violence," she said. "They've been
trying that for a long time, and it hasn't helped."

If training occurs, she said, she hopes it does not involve the
Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.

"That place has been implicated with human-rights abuses, and the
Mexican military has already been accused of human-rights abuses,"
Luykx said.

Luykx was a panelist last week at UTEP conference that focused on the
assassination of Archbishop Oscar Romero in El Salvador in 1980. He
was killed by people who had been trained at the School of the
Americas after speaking out against military abuses, according to a
1993 United Nations report.

The School of the Americas opened in Fort Benning in 1984 and has
trained more than 61,000 Latin American soldiers and policemen,
according to the U.S. Department of State. Among those trained at the
Department of Defense school was Manuel Noriega, the commander of the
army in Panama and its former dictator, who was later indicted in the
United States on drug charges.

In 1999, Congress stopped funding the School of the
Americas.

The school's name was changed to the Western Hemisphere Institute for
Security Cooperation, and international training continues there.