Conservatives, AIDS Activists Debate Needle Exchange
By Maggie Fox, Health Correspondent

WASHINGTON, Aug 20 (Reuter) Groups for and against needle exchange programs
that aim to stem the spread of AIDS held dueling news conferences on
Wednesday, but united to demand that the government act quickly to make its
policy clear.

While conservative policy groups maintained that needle exchange programs
could cause more harm than good by encouraging drug use, AIDS activists and
doctors working with such programs said they had already saved lives and
urged the U.S. government to end a ban on using federal funds for needle
exchanges.

"Our leaders have been unwilling to speak out," Chris Lanier, coordinator of
the National Coalition to Save Lives Now, told one news conference. "This
hesitation has put tens of thousands of American men, women and children in
danger."

But for Robert Maginnis of the Family Research Council, a conservative family
policy organization that lobbies on issues such as sex education, the fear
was that the government might act.

"The federal government might be on the verge of funding needle giveaways for
drug addicts. This would be a tragic mistake because it would fuel drug use
and lead to more AIDS deaths," he said.

The council and other conservative groups pointed to a Columbia University
report last week that showed heroin use by American teenagers doubled
between 1991 and 1996.

"It is clear needle exchange programs are a stepping stone to drug
legalization," said Janet Lapey, executive director of the Hanover,
Massachusettsbased Concerned Citizens for Drug Prevention Inc.

"That is not true," countered Denise Paone, assistant director of research at
the Beth Israel Chemical Dependency Institute.

Studies at the institute and others showed the rate of new HIV infections
fell by twothirds in areas where needle exhange programs were active. "What
we also found ... is that drug use decreases among syringe exchange users,"
she said.

The programs provide clean needles so that drug users do not share them or
throw them out for children or other users to find.

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS and which is spread through bodily fluids, is
easily passed on via dirty needles, as are other viruses such as hepatitis.

But the conservative groups questioned the science that supported needle
exchange programs.

"There are a lot of troubling aspects to research that allegedly shows these
programs work," said Shepherd Smith of Americans for a Sound AIDSHIV Policy
(ASAP), adding that the studies did not have sufficient control over the
participants.

The group also published a survey it commissioned of 1,000 voters that found
59 percent of those questioned thought the programs were irresponsible.

"Our fear has been that the message of drugs not being so bad would be
conveyed to our kids," Smith said.

But several experts said needle exchange programs were cheap, effective and
took a preventative approach.

Mohammad Akhter, executive director of the American Public Health
Association, said onethird of all AIDS infections in the United States
stemmed from drug use.

"The best way that we can deal with this epidemic is by providing tools to
drug users who can't stop intravenous drug use to be able to take care of
themselves," he said.

Last week financier and philantropist George Soros said he would donate $1
million for distribution of sterile syringes.

U.S. mayors, the American Bar Association, the American Medical Association
and other groups have spoken out strongly in favor of federal funding for
needle exchange.