THREE DECADES OF FIGHTING DRUGS

Police chiefs have been battling in the Des Moines area for about 30 years.

By Tom Alex
Register Staff Writer

They will be remembered as the chiefs of police who waged Des Moines' drug
war from the late 1960s through the end of the century.

But it wasn't really a war, said former Chief Wendell Nichols. In a real
war, you wouldn't have to run to a judge for a search warrant; you simply
would look for drugs where you expect to find them.

Narcotics was a demon that awakened when the baby boomers came of age.
Nichols, the first of the three chiefs to watch the wave of drugs roll over
the Midwest from the coasts, recently recalled that police were inventing
techniques day by day. There was no manual from which to learn. Nichols, a
member of the old vice unit in the 1950s, became chief of police in 1968.

Billie Wallace took the helm in 1979, followed by William Moulder in 1984.
The fight to combat drugs still isn't a war, perhaps, but there now are 23
officers and supervisors in the Des Moines vice and narcotics section and
nearly all of them are attacking narcotics.

A skeleton crew is working the oncepowerful vice team. "We thought we had
big drug problems when I was chief," Nichols said, but what you have now is
like an ocean. What we had then was like a bucket of water."

Moulder was a Kansas City police officer when drugs became popular in the
1960s. Two things run through his mind when he recalls the beginnings of
the drug culture: Timothy Leary leading young people to mindaltering drugs
and the E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., slogan "Better things for better
living .... through chemistry."

Nichols recalled that when he worked narcotics cases in the 1950s, he was
assigned to the vice unit, which was witnessing the sunset of its heyday
enforcing liquor laws, gambling laws and prostitution. "We had some
marijuana and some heroin, that stuff has always been around, he said. We
even had them trying to flush it down the toilet in those days. But it
hadn't caught on yet."

And then in the late 1960s all hell broke loose. "We had marijuana and LSD
and glue sniffing and they were doing things with seeds. We formed a
countywide task force and because the sheriff was with us, we could cross
jurisdictional boundaries."

Nichols had the narcotics and intelligence units working closely with each
other.

"When we hired more police officers, we were finding some of them had used
drugs overseas (in Vietnam). We tried not to blame them for what happened
during war time. We sometimes overlooked that. But if they tried it again
when they came back, we had to disqualify them."

Nichols added, "When we started hearing that professional athletes and
other famous people were using drugs, we knew we were in trouble. It was
becoming glamorous.

Nichols said during his time as chief, "We tried a lot of things. Many of
them didn't work but that didn't keep us from trying other things. One
thing they never should have done is taking police officers out of the
schools."

Wallace remembers that when he became chief, "We were still wrestling with
marijuana. Should it be illegal? How about a little bit on possession; a
little bit isn't so bad. Our county attorney at the time wanted us to kind
of back off if we couldn't prove intent to sell.

"We were still fighting the attitudes of the '60s and '70s. I can still
remember the difficulty our officers had in making sufficient cause to have
charges filed. Marijuana was still a social thing at that time," Wallace
said.

Moulder's narcotics unit is setting new records with numbers of arrests
each year. At the end of 1996, police had made cases against 1,953 people
on drug charges. That was up 10 percent from the 1,775 drug cases made in
1995.

Spin back in time: from 1960 through 1965, Des Moines police made a total
of 75 narcotics arrests. In the next five years, they made some 440
arrests. Then in 1971, they made 376 arrests, and the lid was off any hope
of curbing illegal drugs in the city.

"Right now drug enforcement is a black hole that will suck up any resources
that get near it," Moulder said. "Until we can curb the appetite and
acceptance of drugs, I don't see it getting any better."