CLINTON'S ANTIDRUG PLAN: $2 BILLION AD BLITZ

WASHINGTON -- Think about how many times you've seen an ad with the Nike
swoosh or a pitch for Sprint's long-distance rates. Now compare that with
the number of times you've seen an ad against drug abuse.

The drug ad probably doesn't even come close.

But that should change today, when President Clinton and drug czar Barry
McCaffrey roll out an antidrug media campaign that's bigger than Nike's,
Sprint's, or that of American Express.

It's the largest media blitz ever undertaken by the federal government. And
antidrug ads like these will be hard to forget: bugs crawling all over a
teenage boy (as he might hallucinate while on methamphetamines); a young
woman demolishing her kitchen with a frying pan (symbolic of the destruction
heroin use can cause); and a sweet grade-school girl who looks at the camera
blankly when asked what her mother told her about drugs.

Drug use by youths has risen throughout most of the Clinton presidency. But
now with a five-year, $2 billion ad campaign, the White House hopes to lower
it within two years, especially among children 13 and under.

But the question remains: Will this high-cost, high-profile strategy work?
Research shows a link between advertising and less use, though there's "not
any that's totally conclusive," says Lloyd Johnston, principal investigator
for the Monitoring the Future study, a comprehensive survey that tracks drug
use in America.

Several studies, including those done by Dr. Johnston, support the premise
that ads affect kids' attitudes toward drugs - and that attitudes in turn
affect behavior.

When advertising increased in the 1980s, drug use by youths decreased. When
it declined in the 1990s, drug use increased (though it leveled off last
year and declined in some areas, such as marijuana use).

Yet other factors have contributed to increased use of drugs in the '90s.
The music industry, for instance, began to send pro-drug messages through
lyrics and individual stars' behavior. Marijuana became more acceptable,
because many kids' parents once used it and because of its increasing
medicinal role.

Leigh Leventhal, spokeswoman for the Partnership for a Drug-Free America
(PDFA), expects the administration's campaign will have an impact on use.

For the first time, she points out, the US government is going to pay for
prime-time advertising. That's a welcome development after "dwindling"
public-service advertising. "What we've been lacking is consistency, and in
order to be consistent and reach kids, you've got to be on prime time," says
Ms. Leventhal, whose New York-based nonprofit group is providing the ads for
the campaign.

TV, radio, Internet, schools

The media campaign, aimed at nonusers and infrequent users, will go far
beyond prime time, though. It will include national and local TV, radio, and
print ads.

It will also reach kids through the Internet, Channel One in schools, and
billboards. The White House calls it "not just an ad campaign," saying the
administration will also work with the entertainment industry to portray
more accurately the consequences of using drugs.

Those inside and outside the White House say that for the media campaign to
work, it must target the needs of America's different communities, include
parents, provide follow-up support at the grass-roots level, and be consistent.

The program is a bipartisan, public-private partnership. Half its cost will
be covered by the government, half by the media industry, which will
contribute time and space for the campaign.

Congress has approved this year's federal installment of $195 million and is
likely to support the next installment. The media industry, Leventhal says,
"has been enormously generous."

On the surface at least, the campaign seems to meet many of the criteria for
success. One measure is that in five months of pilot testing in 12 cities,
calls to a national clearinghouse hot line increased 40 percent compared
with cities that weren't part of the pilot program. Some local hot lines in
the pilot cities saw the number of calls increase by 400 to 500 percent.

Early ads showed success

In the test, the ads were targeted at different communities.
Anti-methamphetamine ads appeared in San Diego, because this drug is on the
increase in the West and Midwest. But anti-heroin ads were aired in
Baltimore, because that's the emerging drug there.

All the test cities had ads aimed at parents, because research shows that
drug use is significantly lower among children who learn at home about the
risks of drugs.

Meanwhile, groups like the National Guard and the Community Anti-Drug
Coalitions of America - which include about 4,000 local antidrug groups -
are working with the administration to support the campaign at the
grass-roots level.

The pilot test hasn't been without bumps. "These ads don't talk to my
population," says Jeff Spiegel of San Diego's Communities Against Substance
Abuse. He wants to see ads that focus on Latinos.

The White House acknowledges this gap and others, including a lack of staff
to deal with the interest the media campaign is expected to generate.

But it says it is trying to solve these problems and points out that its
campaign will be monitored and adjusted if it is not meeting goals.

Checked-by: Melodi Cornett