CITY COUNCIL DRAWS BEAD ON CRIME

Baltimore officials want `zero tolerance' to reduce murder rate

In the past three years, more people have been slain in Baltimore than the
632 city residents killed in the Korean and Vietnam wars combined.

As the city moves toward finishing its ninth straight year with more than
300 homicides, the City Council -- with a municipal election year
approaching -- is trying to hold Mayor Kurt L. Schmoke more accountable for
the fifth-highest murder rate in the nation.

Two weeks ago, the 19-member council passed a resolution renewing the call
for Schmoke to adopt a so-called "zero tolerance" stance in dealing with
the rising number of open-air illegal drug markets in the city, long
considered the source of the bloodshed.

But unlike such calls of the past two years, the council adopted the
measure unanimously, gaining support from Schmoke council loyalists.

"People are saying, `I can't live here anymore, I can't sleep with the
gunshots and the drug dealers on the street,' " said Councilwoman Rochelle
"Rikki" Spector, the longest-serving council member, who is entering her
16th year representing Northwest Baltimore.

Schmoke frustrated some council members by responding to the resolution
with a letter asking them to define what they mean by zero tolerance.

The much-heralded crime-fighting strategy has been promoted as a solution
that drastically reduced violent offenses in other cities through
enforcement of nuisance-crime laws. Such enforcement helps officers arrest
repeat criminals and stop them from committing more violent crimes,
proponents say.

Schmoke and city police Commissioner Thomas C. Frazier oppose the strategy,
contending that city courts and jails would be unable to handle the rise in
arrests if all laws were enforced. The city, already facing a budget
deficit, would need 600 more police officers to implement the plan, Frazier
said -- a contention the council denies.

"Zero tolerance is confusing to the public," Schmoke said. "It leads to an
expectation that arrests will be made for all crimes, regardless of
severity, at all times."

In his letter to the council, Schmoke said he also opposes the
zero-tolerance term because it was used by Republican President Ronald
Reagan for his anti-drug effort. Schmoke, a Democrat, has spoken favorably
of decriminalization to address the national drug problem.

The mayor's lawyerly response outraged a Philadelphia police officer who
spoke by invitation last week to the council about the rewards of zero
tolerance.

"I wonder where your police commissioner and mayor [are] when he has to ask
what's the definition of zero tolerance," said Officer Kenneth Rocks, a
27-year veteran and leader with the Fraternal Order of Police whose city
recently adopted a zero-tolerance stance. "From a law enforcement officer's
standpoint, I'd like to give it a little try."

Rocks cited a litany of offenses that cities such as Philadelphia have
begun cracking down on to improve the quality of life.

"I will not tolerate the sale of drugs in my neighborhood," Rocks said. "I
will not tolerate another citizen disgusted with the lack of service to
move out of our community. I will not tolerate any crime on our streets. I
will not tolerate underage drinking in neighborhoods. I will not tolerate
vandalism, graffiti, speeding through school zones, complete disregard for
traffic laws, abandoned homes and abandoned cars."

Baltimore police and prosecutors have enacted 40 percent of the
zero-tolerance strategy, creating a Violent Crime Task Force and a computer
system to pinpoint where violent crime occurs most. And Baltimore State's
Attorney Patricia C. Jessamy has called for more minimum mandatory
sentences for violent crime, another component.

But the state legislature has refused to give city police criminal citation
powers -- the ability to cite someone for a crime and send him on his way,
thereby cutting down on court time through arrest and preliminary hearings.

Court officials have balked at a component that would streamline bookings
by allowing prosecutors to write up charges instead of police officers,
enabling law enforcement personnel to get back on the streets more quickly.

Judges, concerned about jail crowding, have opposed creating district
courts for quicker plea arraignments, which proponents said would relieve
packed dockets.

"The police need the tools to fight the quality-of-life crimes and the
support of the courts and the prosecutors," said Louis Cannons, a police
officer and FOP leader in Washington, which implemented a zero-tolerance
policy and saw murders drop 31 percent over the past four years.

Baltimore has had 258 homicides this year, up eight over the same period in
1997. Last year, the city recorded 310 and had the fifth-highest homicide
rate in the nation.

Northeast Baltimore Councilman Martin O'Malley, the most vocal supporter of
zero tolerance, recently related homicide statistics on the council floor
showing how five Northeast cities have seen slayings drop since 1994.

"It's absolutely tragic," O'Malley said. "We have not made the sort of
progress that other cities have made. If Cleveland can do it, if New
Orleans can do it, if Boston can do it and if New York can do it, why can't
we?"

O'Malley and several other council members began making the push for zero
tolerance three years ago after visiting New York, where the strategy was
first implemented and hailed. Schmoke resurrected the debate last month by
visiting Cleveland. He returned touting Cleveland's big decline in
homicides and asking Frazier to study that city's use of increased traffic
stops to reduce slayings.

Cleveland, with 170,000 fewer people than Baltimore but similar
demographics, had 84 homicides last year and a rate one-third that of
Baltimore's.

Although Cleveland doesn't refer to its program as zero tolerance, it is
based on the same principles. Baltimore council members and police union
leaders lauded Schmoke's initiative, viewing it as a sign that the city was
ready to adopt a tougher stance on crime.

But Schmoke said last week that Frazier has held off implementing the
policy citywide, fearing complaints about racial profiling in making the
traffic stops. In neighborhoods where the stops have been tested, the
results have been positive, Schmoke said.

"If it's abused, even once, it will undermine the whole program and the
citizens will tell us to drop it," Schmoke said.

Meanwhile, the killing continues. In the council chamber before the start
of last Monday's meeting, an aide read the names of the five residents
killed in the city during the previous week. None was over age 31.

As the 1999 municipal election year nears, Schmoke can expect to be
confronted regularly about the city bloodshed, particularly since Council
President Lawrence A. Bell III -- a supporter of zero tolerance -- has
indicated his interest in running for mayor.

But Schmoke suggested last week that he and Bell have the same goal.

"I don't remember the council president and I disagreeing when we describe
the strategy," Schmoke said. "We disagree when we've got to label it."

Checked-by: Mike Gogulski