POT SMOKER JAILED FOR LIFE GETS PARDON

Perry's Conditional Release Symbolizes Repair of Judicial Ills

Gov. Rick Perry granted a conditional pardon Friday to Tyrone Brown,
a prisoner from Dallas whose extreme punishment has become symbolic
of the ills of the Texas criminal justice system.

Mr. Brown sentenced to life as a teenager 17 years ago after smoking
marijuana while on probation isn't getting the simple commutation
recommended by Dallas County officials and the Texas parole board.
Instead, he must report indefinitely to a parole officer and meet
other conditions or risk going back to prison.

Harry Whittington, a confidant of two prior Republican governors,
praised Mr. Perry for freeing the prisoner. He linked the situation
to recent DNA exonerations in Dallas County and the state's
burgeoning youth-prison abuse scandal.

"As Texans learn about these sickening cases," he said, "they will be
demanding an overhaul of the system that allows such flagrant
miscarriages of justice to occur."

But Mr. Whittington, an Austin lawyer who previously served on the
board overseeing the state's adult prisons, also sounded a somber note.

"From my 27 years' experience in state government, I have learned
that decency and morality are not very high priorities in
administering criminal justice," he said. "There is not much respect
for the dignity and sanctity of human life."

Judge Keith Dean initially put Mr. Brown on probation in 1990, when
he took part in an armed robbery in which no one was hurt. One
positive drug test led to the life term in prison.

Last spring, in a story that attracted national attention, The Dallas
Morning News contrasted Mr. Brown's case with that of a
well-connected murderer whom Judge Dean put on probation. The killer,
John Alexander Wood, repeatedly tested positive for cocaine and
committed other violations, yet avoided prison. He even got
permission to quit reporting to a probation officer and quit taking drug tests.

Neither man had a prior criminal record. The judge, who was voted out
of office in November, has refused to explain his actions.

"It's almost unbelievable," said state Rep. Helen Giddings, a Dallas
Democrat who was among several legislators pressing the governor to
free Mr. Brown. "It is unbelievable."

Mr. Brown is expected to be released from prison next week, although
no date has been set. In addition to reporting to a parole officer,
he must live with his mother, find a job and work with a therapist.
It's unclear how long he'll remain under supervision; the governor
ordered parole officials to give him an annual report to be used in
deciding that question.

None of that mattered Friday to Nora Brown, who's long been planning
a party for her son.

"He's coming home!" she said before answering another in a long
series of congratulatory phone calls, from politicians, ministers and
friends. "Everybody's calling me now."

State lawmakers want to know how many more sentencing disparities
need to be rectified, Ms. Giddings said.

"A lot of us are going to be taking a deeper look at this," Ms.
Giddings said. "You have to wonder what else is under the surface."

The issues at stake go beyond justice and fairness, she added,
because excessive sentences are "a drain on the taxpayers."

Texas prisons, after a major expansion in the 1990s, are full, and
legislators are currently debating whether to build more. A
bipartisan group of politicians is resisting expansion, calling for
greater focus on prevention and rehabilitation.

Sentencing Disparities

Dallas County's new district attorney, Craig Watkins, has stressed
these same goals as part of his "smart on crime" philosophy. He's
also positioned himself as someone who's willing to undo the mistakes
of the past he recently agreed to an unprecedented outside review of
applications for post-conviction DNA testing.

"Our criminal justice system in Texas is on trial right now," Mr. Watkins said.

Sentencing disparities are part of the problem, he said, but "how are
we going to sift through all the cases?

"I wish I did have the resources to do that. We just don't," he
added. "Let's go forward and make sure that it doesn't happen again."

Mr. Watkins said the judge in the Brown and Wood cases should not be
singled out for criticism.

"We're all to blame for it because we let it happen," he said. "The
judge was elected. He pretty much followed what the electorate wanted
him to do.

"Fortunately, we've matured, I believe," said Mr. Watkins, the
county's first black district attorney. "I wouldn't be here if we hadn't."

Victim Support

Mr. Dean now works as a defense lawyer in Dallas with Frederick
"Rick" Russell, the attorney who prepared Mr. Brown's commutation paperwork.

Shortly before leaving office, Mr. Dean recommended cutting Mr.
Brown's sentence. So did outgoing District Attorney Bill Hill.

The parole board concurred last month, in a 5-2 vote, and sent the
matter to the governor for a final decision.

Board chair Rissie Owens, who sided with the majority, cautioned
against viewing Mr. Brown as a symbol of larger problems. "It's
really hard to compare one case to another," she said.

Ms. Owens said the two "no" votes came from colleagues who were
concerned about Mr. Brown's behavior in prison. He failed to finish
his high school education, fought with guards and joined a gang
before cleaning up his act in recent years.

The governor's appreciation of those concerns led him to reject
commutation in favor of a conditional pardon, spokesman Ted Royer
said. Mr. Perry, he said, felt Mr. Brown would need supervision "to
assist in his reintegration."

Mr. Brown attracted supporters nationwide after ABC-TV's 20/20 news
program highlighted The News' coverage of the two cases.

One, Andrew Linberg, a psychiatric social worker in Massachusetts who
is experienced in helping prisoners re-enter society, will be Mr.
Brown's long-distance therapist.

Mr. Linberg said that after learning of Mr. Brown's case, "I just
lost my mind. I said, 'This is just so wrong.' "

Another out-of-state advocate was Charlie Douglas, a Florida lawyer
who helped set up a Web site to press Mr. Brown's cause.

"Although I had hoped for a complete commutation, I am not
disappointed with a conditional pardon because Tyrone will be leaving
prison and coming home," Mr. Douglas said. "I have no doubt that
Tyrone will be an upstanding citizen of Dallas, and he will
contribute to the community that has given him so much."

In all, more than 800 people around the country contacted the
governor's office in favor of commutation. No one wrote or called in
opposition, Mr. Royer said.

Much of the support came from outside the Dallas area. Former Dallas
NAACP president Bob Lydia, who worked behind the scenes for months on
Mr. Brown's behalf, said that was because "a lot of people here have
allegiances to Judge Dean."

Mr. Perry previously had rejected most other commutation
recommendations made by the board. One commutation he granted, over
the protest of a robbery victim, ended badly - the freed prisoner
later got arrested on drug charges and is back in prison.

The Brown case, however, came with strong support from the victim.

"I think he's done his time," said Bill Hathaway, whom Mr. Brown
robbed of $2. "I have nothing against him."