TIJUANA POLICE RETURN -- WITHOUT THEIR WEAPONS

TIJUANA -- Disarmed municipal police officers patrolled alongside
armed state police Friday, a sight that brought some comfort to many
in this border city where municipal police often are equated with
corruption and drug-related violence.

Municipal officers, their holsters empty, directed traffic and made
the rounds a day after stopping work in response to being stripped of
their weapons by the Mexican military.

The military operation in Tijuana and a similar incursion in the
southern state of Michoacan, some political analysts say, have been a
political boon to President Felipe Calderon, who took office in
December, allowing him to project an image of strength and decisiveness.

Jorge Chabat, a Mexico City analyst who has written extensively on
the country's drug wars, said that though Calderon's crackdown in
Tijuana had "zero chance of stopping the buying and selling of
drugs," it could help limit the number of drug-related killings in the city.

There were more than 300 slayings in Tijuana last year.

"What he's saying is that there are some things that won't be
permitted," Chabat said. "You can't be cutting people's heads off.
It's a question of image. You can't allow Tijuana to look like a
civil war in Africa."

Mexican and U.S. authorities say some Tijuana police officers are
members of drug cartels, and several have been arrested over the years.

Some Tijuana kidnapping victims have said that police officers took
part in their abductions. The city has one of the highest kidnapping
rates in the world.

A sprawling metropolis of about 1.5 million people, Tijuana was
bustling as usual Friday, and there were no signs of social unrest or
public disorder two days after more than 3,500 soldiers and federal
agents started arriving as part of Operation Tijuana.

The military ordered members of the 2,300-strong municipal police
force to turn in their weapons for an investigation to see whether
any could be linked to homicides or other crimes. More than 2,000
firearms, most of them 9-millimeter handguns but also automatic
weapons and shotguns, are being inspected.

Tijuana Mayor Jorge Hank Rhon said in an interview that he feared
putting unarmed police at risk and ordered them off the streets
Thursday after receiving assurances from Hector Sanchez Gutierrez,
the general in charge of Operation Tijuana, that his troops would
maintain order.

There were no major incidents in the 18 hours without municipal
police, but there were complaints that authorities had failed to
respond to some traffic accidents.

At a holding facility in the city's red light district, Municipal
Judge Oscar Gonzalez Valdez said he had freed some detainees -- in
custody mostly on alcohol-related offenses -- because there were no
police officers to take them to the main jail across town.

The officers may get their weapons back within two weeks, Tijuana
officials said, but many residents weren't demanding swift action.

"This is stupendous," said Alfredo Arias, the manager of a restaurant
in the tough neighborhood of Colonia Libertad that was riddled by
hundreds of bullets last year in a shootout between masked men and
federal agents.

Arias, like many other residents and some analysts, say police
officers' weapons are not always accounted for and often are lent to
criminal rings.

"This will obligate them to take care of their weapons," Arias said.

Alberto Capella, president of Tijuana's citizens advisory council on
public safety, said disarming the police had widespread public support.

"In some ways it's a necessary evil ... part of the cleansing we need
to improve the department," he said.

Federal and state officials said the operation had led to the arrest
of seven people who authorities said were linked to the attempted
assassination last year of the former head of public safety in Baja
California state.

Tijuana residents have felt the military presence: Traffic backed up
at several checkpoints on major streets leading into and out of the city.

But army or no army, thousands of people lined a two-mile route to
see the city's annual Three Kings parade Friday night.

Plastered on several floats, including a giant drum banged by a toy
soldier, was "Caliente," the name of the racetrack and betting
enterprise owned by Hank Rhon. Trucks pulled floats carrying flatbeds
decorated with Christmas trees, giant wrapped gifts and a miniature
Bethlehem. Two wise men rode camels and the third an elephant.
Legions of gladiators led a contingent of shepherd girls.

All the while, police helicopters hovered overhead.

Gregorio Martinez, 55, who has lived in Tijuana for 35 years, said
the military operation was a bold move.

"I bet the number of assaults goes down until the police get their
guns back. I feel pretty safe right now," he said.

But Martinez, like others, wonders whether the operation will have a
long-term effect.

A similar feeling swept Nuevo Laredo on the Texas border last year
when then-President Vicente Fox sent federal police and troops to
replace local officers, notorious for their brutality and corruption.

For the first weeks and months, residents said they felt a weight
lifted off their shoulders. The feeling didn't last.

By summer, the last of the federal officers were gone, leaving the
border town in the hands of a police department operating with only
half of its 600 positions filled. Robberies and kidnappings have
increased, as have homicides.

The recent crackdown in Michoacan has been a flop, said one U.S. law
enforcement source, saying the deployment failed to turn up any
significant drug seizures or arrests.

The drug traffickers in Michoacan, the source said, fled to nearby
Jalisco before the operation began, prompting jokes that they had
scattered like cockroaches.

"Some of the locals were calling it Operacion Cucaracha," the source said.

Some observers said Tijuana's criminal kingpins had left the city.
One police official joked that they probably were skiing at Big Bear.

For Hank Rhon, who is planning to run for governor of Baja California
this year, the crackdown has hurt his political fortunes, some experts said.

"The sight of Tijuana policemen being disarmed by the Mexican army
was an embarrassment," said Jesus Silva Herzog, a Mexico City
political analyst. "This is a very serious blow to Hank Rhon and to
his political aspirations in the state."

The mayor discounted suggestions that the operation was an attempt by
Calderon to sabotage his gubernatorial bid. He said Calderon was
following through on a request he made last year for more federal
help in Tijuana.

Hank Rhon has acknowledged that the municipal police force is riddled
with corruption, but so are other state and federal agencies, he said.

Francisco Ramirez Navarro, a transit police officer in Tijuana,
echoed the mayor's sentiments. He said the real criminals in Tijuana
wouldn't be found in the police department.

"Why don't they start investigating at the top?" he said.

Some residents agreed.

"I know plenty of honorable cops," said flower vendor Baltazar Brito.
Some take bribes, he said, but it's because they are not paid
adequate salaries.

Brito's downtown flower stand is at an intersection that was the
scene of two shootouts last year that left one police officer dead
and several wounded. The city's top homicide investigator and a
deputy police chief narrowly escaped assassination attempts in the shootouts.

Bullets gouged and pockmarked curbs, storefronts and billboards over
a 50-yard area. Brito survived one attack by ducking under his cart
and hiding with his rabbits.

His crime-weary attitude reflects a fatalistic viewpoint among many
Tijuana residents. He doesn't expect the violence to stop, but that's
not always a bad thing, he said.

"Sometimes for peace to prevail, there must be shootouts," he said.