FBI GETS BROAD DOMESTIC SPY POWERS

WASHINGTON (AP) - The Bush administration gave the beleaguered FBI broad
new powers to monitor Americans on Thursday, saying the agency needed a new
weapon in the battle against terrorism and promising not to return to the
file-building abuses of the past.

In a move aimed at averting another Sept. 11, Attorney General John
Ashcroft freed the FBI to monitor Internet sites, libraries, churches and
political organizations, calling restrictions on domestic spying "a
competitive advantage for terrorists."

Civil liberties groups criticized the move. But President Bush said, "We
intend to honor our Constitution and respect the freedoms that we hold so
dear."

"The FBI needed to change," said the president. "It was an organization
full of fine people who loved America but the organization didn't meet the
times."

Under revamped guidelines, agents can attend public meetings for the
purpose of preventing terrorism. The old guidelines issued in the 1970s
were aimed at solving crimes already committed.

The earlier restrictions were clamped on the FBI's domestic surveillance in
response to controversies about the bureau's building of case files against
prominent Americans, including the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.

The revised guidelines will push the decision-making for an array of
investigative steps away from FBI headquarters in Washington and down to
individual offices around the country. The special agents in charge of each
office will hold the keys to setting investigative steps in motion.

"These major changes will free field agents to pursue terrorists vigorously
without waiting for headquarters to act," said Ashcroft. He said agents in
the field "are frustrated because many of our internal restrictions have
hampered" their efforts to move quickly on investigations.

Under present guidelines, Ashcroft said, agents "cannot surf the Web, the
way you and I can," and cannot simply walk into public events to observe
people and activities.

The new guidelines give FBI agents more freedom to investigate terrorism
even when they are not pursuing a particular case.

Mueller said the changes "will be exceptionally helpful to us."

"Our reforms of the FBI will and must strengthen our ability to prevent
future terrorist attacks," the FBI director said.

The American Civil Liberties Union said the lifting of restrictions could
renew abuses of the past. King's "persecution by law enforcement is a
necessary reminder of the potential abuse when a government with too long a
leash seeks to silence voices of dissent," said ACLU legislative counsel
Marvin Johnson.

Shaker Elsayed, secretary general of the Muslim American Society, said the
new tools are an unnecessary intrusion.

"It only serves the purpose of heightening the scare in the society and the
paranoia against Muslims," he said.

Ashcroft said the powers would be used only "for the purpose of detecting
and preventing terrorism." Nothing in the guidelines would permit the FBI
to routinely build files on people or organizations, he said.

"The abuses that have been alleged about the FBI decades ago ... would not
be allowed," he said, referring to the practice of keeping files and
records on prominent figures.

Another civil liberties group said the changes will go far beyond how the
FBI conducts the war on terrorism.

"They are using the terrorism crisis as a cover for a wide range of
changes, some of which have nothing to do with terrorism," said James X.
Dempsey, deputy director of the Center for Democracy and Technology.
Dempsey predicted that one new tool, the power to mine commercial
databases, will be used in drug and child pornography and stock fraud and
gambling and "every other type of investigation the FBI does."

Added Margaret Ratner, an attorney with the Center for Constitutional
Rights: "Apparently, Attorney General Ashcroft wants to get the FBI back in
the business of spying on religious and political organizations. That alone
would be unconstitutional but history suggests the FBI won't stop at
passive information gathering."

Nicholas Graham, a spokesman for America Online, said, "If law enforcement
asks for our cooperation, we absolutely do cooperate with them in a
criminal investigation. We have always been careful to strike a careful,
reasonable and appropriate balance between protecting our members' privacy
and their safety while working with law enforcement."

The new rules allow agents to conduct "general topical research" and "pure
surfing" designed to find Web sites, chat rooms or Internet bulletin boards
with information about terror, bomb-making instructions, child pornography
or stolen credit cards.

Ashcroft said a principal goal of the changes is to allow agents in the
field to act on "puzzle pieces."

The bureau has been criticized for failing to act on a memo from an agent
in the Phoenix office suggesting that FBI headquarters conduct a national
search of Middle Eastern men who were taking flight training in the United
States prior to Sept. 11.